Attention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )

Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in children and adolescent. â€Å"ADHD is defined as a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.† (Disney, 1999) There is concern about the possible connection between ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. â€Å"Substance abuse disorder is defined as a physical dependence, abuse of, and withdrawal from drugs and other substances.† (Biederman, 1999) The prevalence of substance use and substance abuse in recent years is a cause for concern and has been a matter of public and scientific†¦show more content†¦According to Molina, substance abuse as an adult and how it is directly related to hyperactivity throughout childhood and adolescence is a topic that there is little literature studies. (2003) Reasoning behind the lack of information may be because it is harder to find participants to be involved in a study from time of childhood to time of adulthood. An additional problem with these studies is these studies are biased. Many of these studies exclude females or they sampled few to many to analyze them in the whole. There were also too many small samples studied. Sampling few subjects could generate unreliable information, and could lead to faulty results. There were problems in measurement in some studies like not specifying certain criteria, and using nonstandard or untested methods. There has been substantial growth in the amount of detainees over the years, especially those with psychiatric disorders such as ADHD and substance abuse disorder. According to Teplin, the comorbidity of the two give reason to believe that ADHD is a possible predictor of substance abuse issues. (2002) Studies of hyperactive children have reported that the association between ADHD and substance use disorders appear to be almost entirely based on conduct disorder. Conduct disorder leads to hospitalized or jailed adolescents. There has been recent research on the medication for ADHD and if medication can in turn

The Environmental Crises Essay - 1322 Words

A major concern of people from all demographics and religions is the environmental crises are taking place in the US and all over the world today. Many aspects our daily lives in the capitalist society we live in are causing grave destruction to our planet. Issues such as global warming, bottling water, and the search for oil and fossil fuels are some of the most known environmental crises taking place in the US. I believe the US could in fact find safe, profitable solutions to many of these problems as long as it is willing to be proactive and address the serious issues at hand while they can be corrected. If the US does not step in and set regulation and new laws on the big businesses and individual citizens that are causing these†¦show more content†¦In order to begin to stop these detrimental effects I believe the government needs to step in and set new regulations in corporations that are producing the equipment that causes these effects. I believe regulations should be set in the auto industry as well as the home heating industry whose fossil fuel burning products are large contributors to this environmental problem. Regulations that control the efficiency and emissions of cars and heating products could be stricter and more enforced, as well as new research conducted that looks for green yet profitable alternatives to these problems such as using solar power to heat a home or run a car. Although we live in a capitalist society that allows for privatization of business with minimal government interference, I believe that these issues that hold catastrophic consequences that are being proven today deserve the proactive attention of our government. Another major environmental crisis that is going on today is the issue of rights to fresh water. This under-recognized problem in our society today is one that affects people all over the world. 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Critical Thinking Work Intended

Question: Discuss about the Critical Thinking for Work Intended. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this essay is to critically analyse and evaluate the article by Trevor Timm, Petraeus won't serve a day in jail for his leaks. Edward Snowden shouldn't either. The article was published in The Guardian on March 5, 2015 (Timm 2015). The main argument of this article is that the Justice Department treated the former CIA director David Petraeus with leniency in comparison with whistleblowers Edward Snowden and Daniel Ellsberg (Timm 2015). Petraeus leaked classified information to his lover and biographer Paula Broadwell for which he was recommended a sentence of two years without imprisonment just because he was a CIA director (Timm 2015). My evaluation shall revolve around the penalty and leniency opted for Petraeus as unfair, since the lower level officers were punished for the espionage acts with imprisonment that had less gravity. The discussion is important because according to an old saying, all are equal before the law (Witosky and Hansen 2015). Analysis The authors main conclusion from the article is that leaking information or espionage is no longer a felony and that it is unfairly levelled for every whistleblower. The premise of this article is that Petraeus is treated exceptionally because the FBI came to know about it inadvertently. This argument is analogical because it is a comparison with other former CIA officers at a lower post who were imprisoned for their acts (Cottrell 2011). It is an inductive or real analogy because there are strong arguments to support the authors conclusion. Petraeus should have faced imprisonment for leaking classified information and the judge must not have treated him exceptionally. This is because Jeffrey Sterling, John Kiriakou, Chelsea Manning, Edward Snowden and John M Deutch were imprisoned for the acts committed as intense or less intense by Petraeus (Timm 2015). David Petraeuss Case is worse than others It is argued that David Petraeuss case is worse than others. The argument is real or inductive in nature as it is strongly supported by evidences (Govier 2013). According to the indictment, he gave Paula eight black books containing war strategy, covert officers identity, quotes and deliberative discussions from meetings taken place at high-level National Security Council, diplomatic discussions, intelligence capabilities and mechanisms, and his personal discussions with the US president (Chappell 2015). Despite his actions and improperly retaining classified information, he was recommended a sentence of two years without imprisonment just because he was a CIA director (Timm 2015). He must have been imprisoned and not recommended for probation as this was much of Top Secret. Not just Top Secret, some information was higher and was SCI (Sensitive Compartmented Information) (Timm 2015). Petraeus knew he is committing a crime while he is leaking information and improperly retaining clas sified information. Chelsea Manning chose to disclose nothing higher than Secret and is serving 35 years (Lewis 2013). Edward Snowden must not have been imprisoned for more than a year since he disclosed identities of covert agents to an unauthorized person that deserves a maximum sentence of one year. The justice system would never allow him to present a real defense at trial (Timm 2014). Double Standards on Investigations It is argued that FBI has used double standards on Petraeuss case. The investigation lasted about three years. The argument is real or inductive in nature and strongly supported by proofs. According to the statute, the investigation must have been conducted for ten years based on Petraeus situation (Timm 2015). A comparison can be made with Hillary Clintons email matter which was a high profile case. Clinton was accused of being extremely careless with the classified information that was flowing through her private email server (Tucker 2016). However, there was no evidence of anybody violating the law. There should have been a more lengthy investigated as Petraeus lied about disclosing confidential information to the FBI (Timm 2015). The system could have brought severe and far-reaching ramifications and criminal charges should have been brought to a new precedent so that people would treat sensitive records confidentially (Tucker 2016). Even Donald Trump tweeted about the system bei ng rigged. He stated that Petraeus got in trouble far less and that the Justice Department gave a bad judgment (McBride 2016). Evaluation David Petraeuss Case is worse than others The argument made by the author of article of Davids case being worse than others is acceptable as a factual statement. Sub-arguments are presented by the FBI officials and other political figures that make it a reasonable argument of Petraeuss case worse than others. The premise is relevant to the conclusion. The argument does not have fallacies that would persuade the audience by illogical terms (Govier 2013). The issue addressed in borne by the premises. The overall grounds of support are strong and the premises provide good reasons to accept the conclusion. The premise of Davids case being worse than other felons is the justice records and felony cases. Investigation was done for Jeffrey Sterling, John Kiriakou, Chelsea Manning, Edward Snowden and John M Deutch and it was found that these felons created as intense or less intense crimes than Petraeus (Timm 2015). Therefore, the argument made by the author of Petraeuss case is acceptable, relevant and holds strong ground of eviden ce. The argument does not have fallacies that would persuade the audience by illogical terms. The issue addressed in borne by the premises. The overall grounds of support are strong and the premises provide good reasons to accept the conclusion (Govier 2013). Double standard on investigations The argument made by the author of the article about having double standards on FBI investigations is acceptable on the basis of factual representations. The argument is deductive in nature as investigations were conducted about the same (Govier 2013). The media has reported the same in newspapers and television channels after communicating with the political and jurisdiction system that makes the argument acceptable. It is seen that FBI director explains the differences between Hillary Clinton and David Petraeus investigations (Smith 2016). The FBI also explained that David admitted his intention of misconduct due to which a perfect illustration of the case was obtained. However, it is not justified that FBI would not conduct further investigation since it was a crime (Apuzzo 2015). The other lower level officials in the previous times were thoroughly investigated. Based on the given situation and leaking eight black books, an investigation of ten years should have been conducted (G ovier 2013). The above two arguments of David Petraeuss Case being worse than others and Double standard on investigations contributes to the main argument of the article (Govier 2013). The main argument of the article was that Justice Department treated the former CIA director David Petraeus with leniency in comparison with whistleblowers Edward Snowden and Daniel Ellsberg. Both the arguments are acceptable, relevant and are supported with strong grounds of evidence (Smith 2016). The arguments make the audience question about the unlevelled jurisdiction system. The old saying, all are equal before law and not supported because of the judgment passed by the judicial system (Witosky and Hansen 2015). Since the other felons got imprisonment for their misconduct and improper handling of classified information, David is let gone too easy. The arguments are strong and it can be claimed that there is a two-tiered system in the justice for leakers. The low-level officials have to undergo the charges and get prosecuted under the Espionage Act (Timm 2015). However, the strong and powerful officials who hold a higher position in the system do not have to worry about charges at all. The author provides a strong argument to support this view as John Brennan reported about a double agent disrupting a bomb plot in Yemen. Another low level official went to jail for the same story, but Brennan not only escaped the punishment, but was rewarded with a promotion (Timm 2015). The author makes strong arguments about the differences and partiality in the jurisdiction system where the low-level officials are prosecuted under the Espionage Act. While, the high level officials can assume that they would be pardoned and not prosecuted for any misconduct (Maurer 2015). Conclusion In my opinion, the authors argument worked as it was intended. It is because he has provided not one or two, but multiple examples and cases of felons committing misconduct and handling classified information carelessly. My evaluation for the given case is in alignment with that of the author of the article, Trevor Timm. The argument of high officials getting a simple slap on the wrist while the whistleblowers prosecuted and spending time in jail is unfair. However, the author could improve his arguments by focusing and stressing on the laws and prosecution under Espionage Act in detail. He could have quoted the sentences about imprisonment, penalty and liability in his article as stated in the law. This would have added weight in the article as facts and figures supported by the law would have a greater impact on the readers. References Apuzzo, M. 2015.F.B.I. and Justice Dept. Said to Seek Charges for Petraeus. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/10/us/politics/prosecutors-said-to-recommend-charges-against-former-gen-david-petraeus.html?_r=0 [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. Chappell, B. 2015.Petraeus Sentenced To 2 Years' Probation, Fine For Sharing Classified Info. [online] NPR.org. Available at: https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/04/23/401672264/gen-david-petraeus-will-be-sentenced-thursday-over-secret-notebooks [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. Cottrell, S. 2011.Critical thinking skills. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Govier, T. 2013.A practical study of argument. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth. Lewis, P. 2013.Bradley Manning given 35-year prison term for passing files to WikiLeaks. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/21/bradley-manning-35-years-prison-wikileaks-sentence [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. Maurer, K. 2015.How the David Petraeus Prosecution Backfired. [online] The Daily Beast. Available at: https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/04/22/the-double-standard-for-david-petraeus.html [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. McBride, J. 2016.David Petraeus: Why He was Charged Hillary Clinton Wasnt. [online] Heavy.com. Available at: https://heavy.com/news/2016/07/david-petraeus-hillary-clinton-james-comey-press-statement-classified-information-scandal-no-charges-charged-criminal-charges-emails-paula-broadwell-affair-donald-trump-reaction/ [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. Smith, A. 2016.FBI director explains 'distinction' between Hillary Clinton and David Petraeus investigations. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/FBI-director-explains-distinction-between-Hillary-Clinton-and-David-Petraeus-investigations/articleshow/53103535.cms [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. Timm, T. 2014.More people than ever oppose the NSA practices Edward Snowden revealed. Why should he spend his life in prison? | Trevor Timm. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/19/edward-snowden-case-amnesty [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. Timm, T. 2015.Petraeus won't serve a day in jail for his leaks. Edward Snowden shouldn't either. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/mar/05/petraeus-jail-leaks-edward-snowden [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. Tucker, E. 2016.Similarities lacking in Clinton, Petraeus investigations. [online] PBS NewsHour. Available at: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/similarities-lacking-in-clinton-petraeus-investigations/ [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016]. Witosky, T. and Hansen, M. 2015.Equal before the law. USA: University of Iowa Press.

Throughout the famous and tragic play of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Throughout the famous and tragic play of Romeo and Juliet Essay Throughout the famous and tragic play of Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare applies various methods to try and increase the sympathy of the audience towards Romeo. During the course of the play, Romeos language varies in style and structure on numerous occasions in an attempt to get the audience to sympathise with him. The playwright also juxtaposes certain key scenes which adds to our empathy for Romeos situation. Dramatic irony is a clever method which largely increases audience empathy towards Romeo. I will discuss the above methods as well as a few others used by Shakespeare to convey Romeo in sympathetic manner. We will write a custom essay on Throughout the famous and tragic play of Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Shakespeare subtly applies the technique of fate upon the prologue. A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life; whose misadventurd piteous overthrows. This is implying that Romeos relationship with Juliet is ill-fated. This could potentially have some impact on the audience and make them feel sorry for Romeo, as his love affair is doomed from the start, and will never conclude in happiness. In my opinion, this is a good technique to create some sympathy at the beginning of the play so that Shakespeare can build upon it later. During the rest of the play, Shakespeare intensifies his use of fate as horrific things continue to happen to Romeo over which he has no control. As a member of the audience, the realisation that Romeo is a helpless victim further increases the sympathy I have towards him. The theme of fate will continue to manifest itself throughout the rest of the play. In Act 1 Scene 1, Romeo is in love with Rosaline but she has no feelings for him in return. He is clearly unsettled by this and shows his uncertainty through a series of impossible images. His language mirrors his unsettled thoughts and feelings and heightens our sympathy for him. O heavy lightness, serious vanity Misshapen chaos of well seeming forms, Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is This series of oxymorons are very physical, as in sick-health and still-waking sleep. Even though Romeo is healthy, he is sick because he cant have Rosaline and even when he rests, Rosaline is still on his mind. Shakespeare is describing the physical symptoms of love and unrequited feelings through Romeos choice of language. This makes me empathise with Romeo and feel compassionate towards him. He continues, in rhyming couplets, to describe love as a sad emotion which causes despair. Romeo uses a number of distressing but evocative images to portray love, Love is a smoke made with a fume of sighs. This image is effective in two different ways. It shows love as something that blurs and perplexes those who experience it. It also shows that love is made of sighs i.e. human misery. A sea nourished with loving tears. Romeo has employed an epic image of a sea of sadness created by unhappiness. A madness most discreet. This brilliant phrase captures Romeos helplessness as he fears for his sanity and feels he cannot tell anyone. This phrase is perhaps ironic as Romeo is actually engaged in explaining to Benvolio how he feels. Towards the end of Act 1, Scene 1, Romeo tells Benvolio Thou canst teach me to forget? However, In Act 1, Scene 5 he suddenly has a change of heart. This erodes some of the sympathy that I have towards him as this shows him as young and impulsive, and makes me doubt what he said earlier. Now Romeo uses more positive language to describe love. In lines 43-52, Romeo uses a series of ecstatic rhyming couplets to describe Juliet as a bright flame, torches to burn and as a rich jewel in a ethiops ear. He contrasts brightness with darkness, a snowy dove trooping with crows. This joyful language makes me feel happy for Romeo as this is the first time we have not seen Romeo miserable. .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 , .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .postImageUrl , .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 , .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118:hover , .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118:visited , .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118:active { border:0!important; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118:active , .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118 .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c7edfef5186b7b88012e073ef6bc118:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Major role in the novel EssayThe way Shakespeare then juxtaposes Romeos happiness and love with him finding out that Juliet is a Capulet makes me feel for him My life is my foes debt. This is because I am reminded of how he felt after being turned down by Rosaline and fear that we will see the despairing and obstreperous version of Romeo again. Act 2 Scene 2 begins with a soliloquy from Romeo and we see a repetition of the light imagery employed in Act 1 Scene 5, Juliet is the sun and two of the fairest stars. This reminds me of the star image and fate technique used in the Prologue. Though Romeo is happy at this point, we know it will not last. The use of the soliloquy technique allows us to hear what Romeo is thinking, which makes me feel more intimate towards him. Romeos innocence is shown in his following dialogue with Juliet as Shakespeare conveys his youth and nativity using a school metaphor. Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books; But love from love, toward school with heavy looks I find this method particularly successful in combination with the fate method. As the play progresses, various people express their views on Romeo, particularly when he behaves in an impulsive manner. In Act 1, Scene 2, we see Benvolio advising Romeo on how to recover from his love for Rosaline. Take thou some new infection to thy eye, And the rank poison of the old will die This quote is a rhyming couplet that shows love in a negative manner with images of physical sickness, This shows that Benvolio, though sympathetic toward Romeo, does not take him seriously. Benvolios attitude is that you can replace one girl with another girl. This makes me sympathetic towards Romeo because his friend is not taking his anguish seriously. By contrast, Friar Lawrence, in Act 2, Scene 6, does take Romeo seriously and advises him to calm down. These violent delights have violent ends, And in their triumph die like fire and powder Which as they kiss consume Shakespeare employs a violent light image of explosive love. It forecasts what is going to happen in the next scene. It also reminds me of the fate technique employed throughout the play. I feel sorry for Romeo because he is being offered the correct but annoying advice. This shows his inexperience, foolishness and immaturity. In Act 3, Scene 1, Tybalt calls Romeo Boy, underlining Romeos immaturity shown previously. This reminds me of all the foolish decisions which Romeo has made that will later cost him. I think that Tybalt does this to infuriate Romeo, and it works. Thou wretched boy, that didst consort him here, Shalt with him hence, This shall determine that Shakespeare uses Juxtaposition throughout the play. This technique of great impact, is at its most effective when he juxtaposes Act 2 Scene 6 and Act 3 Scene 1. The manner in which the atmosphere of the play changes from happiness to disaster left me empathising with Romeo. In Act 2 Scene 6, Romeo is ecstatic with joy if the measure of thy joy is heapd like mine. He has just married Juliet and is now a totally different man from the one to whom we were first introduced too. Then, in the next scene Romeos world is spun into chaos after an impromptu confrontation ends in Tybalt and Mercutio being murdered. In my behalf; My reputation staind with Tybalts slander- Tybalt, that an hour hath been my cousin. O sweet Juliet! Earlier in the play, the Montagues and Capulets where warned that if they ever disturbed the streets again they shall pay the forfeit. They disobeyed the Prince in brawling in the streets, and with Romeo being the only surviving participant, he was punished and banished away from Verona. This means that he will not be able to see Juliet again. This happens all on his wedding day which makes this juxtaposition even more dramatic. .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec , .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .postImageUrl , .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec , .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec:hover , .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec:visited , .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec:active { border:0!important; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec:active , .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc82db6c31b54498806b0f3bb36fcc7ec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Douglas Dunn's elegies EssayThis technique achieved its intended target and brings back memories of the star image and fate technique once more, O, I am fortunes fool . This is when Romeo himself realises that he is doomed. It is as if nothing that Romeo does will ever end in happiness or joy and it is his fate that he lives in tragedy and despair. The saddest thing about the confrontation is that Romeo tried his best to stay out of trouble and not inflict any pain Beat down their weapons. Gentleman for shame. Even though his intentions were good, I thought all for the best, after the death of his friend Mercutio he was provoked into retaliation. The sympathy that I have f or Romeo has been built up during the course of the play but the juxtaposition of the two scenes has further aroused it. Dramatic irony is probably one of Shakespeares favourite methods as he uses it on numerous occasions throughout his plays. This play is no exception and he applies it very well, with the outcome being greater audience empathy than ever before. Act 5 Scene 3, the death scene in the tomb involving Romeo and Juliet is the setting for a masterpiece of dramatic irony. It is wonderfully applied and in combination with all the other techniques throughout the play makes you feel extremely sorry for the tragedy that was Romeos life. Shakespeare built up my sympathy so well that I longed for Romeo not to take the poison because Juliet would awake. When Romeo receives the news of Juliets death, he rushes to the tomb to see his wife. He sees her lying motionless and thinks that she really is dead. O my love, my wife! Death, that hath suckd the honey of thy breath, Hath no power yet upon thy beauty Rather than bear life without Juliet, Romeo decides to poison himself bringing his ill-fated life to an end. O here Will I set up my everlasting rest, And shake the yoke of inauspicious stars From this world wearied flesh Romeos language is now very definite. He is finally going to rid himself, through death, of the curse of the stars that he has been carrying since the prologue. Juliet then awakes to see Romeo dead, Poison, I see, hath been his timeless death. Returning to the prologue, we remember that the pair of star crossed lovers' relationship was doomed to end in agony and pain. That it did, made me feel compassion for them. In Romeos death speech, Act 1, Scene 3, Shakespeare diverts from his usual use of very regular iambic pentameter. Romeos verse is slightly irregular showing the destruction of his feelings. The language Romeo uses in this last speech evokes pity, arms take your last embrace. Thou take desperate pilot, now once at run on, the dashing rocks thy sea sick weary bark. The image here is that of Romeo steering a ship which is out of control and Shakespeare is using the metaphor of a doomed boat to describe Romeos doomed life! Thus with a kiss I die. I found this quite emotional as he is embracing Juliet for the last time. The amount of sympathy Shakespeare can manipulate an audience into feeling is quite extraordinary, and proves once more why he is still being studied and performed four hundred years after his death. He was absolutely exceptional in the way he perfected the use of each technique. His plan was clearly to build up empathy slowly during the course of the play and end it with a spectacular dramatic finale. His most effective method, in my opinion, was that of dramatic irony followed closely by the choice of language Romeo used and the use of juxtaposition of events. All in all, I think Shakespeare builds up sympathy exceptionally well which makes the play surprising, emotional, exciting and enjoyable.

Christianity Essays (701 words) - Epistle To The Romans

Christianity: A rise in the Classical Period Even though Christianity developed later than many other religions, and caught on slowly, its ideas were very popular. Some people were disagreeing with Judaism, and therefore reformed their ideas to fit with those of Christianity. Paul of Tarsus (5 c. e. - 67 c. e) was considered the most important religious leader in the developing and spreading of Christian beliefs. For Paul to prove that Christianity is for all people, he wrote letters and epistles. The appeal of Paul's letters to the Romans helped spread Christianity by setting a universal foundation to different communities all over Europe. The letters Paul wrote later became part of the New Testament of the Bible. Some people did accept Jesus as the Messiah, but others did not. Believers in Judaism were revolting against Jesus and his beliefs. The Roman government took Jesus into their control and Pontius Pilate demanded his crucifixion. However, a number of devoted followers were able to spread the story of Jesus. They pronounced that Jesus had overcome death, been resurrected and rose into Heaven. Of these followers the most important was Paul of Tarsus. Paul of Tarsus was on one occasion Jewish, but converted to Christianity. His strong will and ability to stand up for what he believed in led him to first have the courage to convert himself into Christianity, and to encourage others to do the same. He preached to a number of Jews and gentiles throughout Europe and Asia. Paul's writings caught the attention and popularity of so many people, mainly Romans, because they were profound, in depth teachings, and words that were new and unfamiliar to many. The writings that Paul wrote accentuated the idea of Christianity being a religion for all people. In many of Paul's ideas, one main concept was that of the introduction of Greco-Roman ideas, with the inclusion of Roman law. Of his writings, the letter from Paul to the Romans was the building block of the spread of Christianity. In the letters Paul begins to explain the truths of Christianity as they are known and are still used today. The idea of humans being able to be forgiven from sin is the one of the main key concepts included. Paul's states that sin is an act of disobedience to god, but also states that it is not an act that cannot be forgiven. The idea of everlasting forgiveness from God was a new and appealing idea to many. Paul wanted people to understand that after sin people need only to ask forgiveness to God and mean it in their heart to be forgiven. Then, when death takes place, they will be appointed to a better place, a place without law of sin. The letter Paul wrote included a few other ideas. The concept of giving to charity with all your heart was a belief widely emphasized. The writings also said that everyone should love your neighbor, to give your neighbor, if in trouble, what he needs, and to let good conquer evil at all costs. Love was a notion that was theorized throughout Paul's letter to the Romans. To love in the name of God meant to ?love you neighbor as you love yourself,' and to be at peace with the world. In the end of Paul's letters to the Romans concluded that the reason why Christ died, ascended into heaven and came back in glory to institute his lordship over the living and the dead. So we believe, as Christians, the fact that we live for God in each thing we do and die for him as well. Paul is telling the community that everyone belongs to God, no matter race, ethnicity or social status. All that Paul of Tarsus did to preach and spread Christianity set a foundation for the future of the religion. Without Paul's writings, particularly his Letter to the Romans, the basis of Christianity would not have been believed or spread by so many people. The writings that soon became part of the New Testament of the Bible, changed the way many saw the world and made them want to live a life of peace internally and externally with others.

Loonie Talks essays

Loonie Talks essays For many Canadians the value of the Loonie is a sensitive subject; the ever rising and falling of the dollar effects the everyday lives of Canadians. The value of the Loonie is like any other currency and rises and falls with global trends, yet, the largest economic trend to influence the Loonie is that of the United States. With a lower Loonie value against the US dollar Canadas exports become more appealing to foreign investors, this theory has been influential and exercised in recent Canadian governmental history. A strong Loonie is also good for the Canadian government as it encourages foreign investment and is much more lucrative for importers. The everyday lives of average Canadians, not just those involved in world economic systems directly, are influenced, changed and shaped by the value of their dollar: the Loonie. The Canadian economic system is influenced drastically by the cycles of the American system; the US cycles help set the future path for the Loonie and its users. Canada and the United States are the only G7 nations in the Americas this fact isolates these two countries and ties them closely together economically. With the United States being such a super-power within global markets Canada is forced to take a back seat and follow the cycles of its neighbors to the south. Whether the Loonie is strong or weak against the US dollar both a positive and negative effect are simultaneously taking place on the lives of Canadians. The value of the Canadian versus the US dollar also influences the personal lives of Canadians; the value of the dollar determines luxuries such as travel, retirement and even the consumption of foreign goods. The ever fluctuating Loonie value has its pros and cons for all Canadians. A lower Canadian dollar visvis the US dollar makes products manufactured in Canada relatively cheaper for foreign buyers and makes Canada a major competitor in the global market. This relatively simpl...

Business Law Paper - employment discrimination Essay

Business Law Paper - employment discrimination - Essay Example Whenever there is an employment provision direct discrimination is legal. For example an employer could refute to recruit a male actor to play the part of female actor in a play where there that is an obligatory for the position. On the contrary, indirect discrimination is also illegal, where an employer makes use of a policy to their place of work that influences every employee equally even though it has a detrimental effect on the higher fraction of individuals of one group with a secured characteristic compared to another person and there is no true justification for that conduct. Disability is unique from other secured traits in that employers are under optimistic obligation to make considerable adjustments to their places of work in order to accommodate the desires of handicapped employees. For race, age, belief and sexuality there is considerably no optimistic duty to enhance equality and optimistic discrimination is universally confined by the policy that advantage must be tak en into account as the most significant trait of an individual. In the perspective of equal remuneration amidst the women and men, the principles differ in the capacity for the comparators. Any termination due to discrimination is directly unjust and sanctions an individual to claim under section 94 of the Employment Rights Act 1996. History of anti-discrimination law Anti-discrimination legislature is one of the modern developments. Discrimination based on religion was first dealt with by the Roman Catholics laws way back in 1778 through the papists Act 1778. The law addressed lawful discrimination over the Roman Catholics. HoiweverH However, after the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829 the Catholics were then fully emancipated and considered wholly. One year later discussions heated up on the subject making equal protections for Jews. There was a strong movement in the parliament which thwarted any further discussion of this move till the Religious Opinions Act 1846 even though thi s went on for some time to appoint of being integrated of the religious opinions. The Reform Act 1867 helped in the extension of the vote count to every male head of the house. Women were marginalized from their general social involvement. The first changes came into effect at the municipal level in 1830’s especially in Birmingham Municipal Council. In the mid 19th century the Chartists and the 20th century suffragettes advocated for general suffrage over the conservative judicial system and the free political creations. In Nairn v. The University Court of the University of st. Andrews (1907), Lord McLaren went to a point of declaring that it is a rule of the traditional constitutional law of the country that only men were in a position to be involved in the appointment and election of representatives to the Parliament. Direct discrimination Direct discrimination as noted earlier takes place when a company or employer treats a person less kindly on the basis of a secured char acteristic. It is illegal under section 13 of the Equality Act 2010. A secured characteristic include sex, belief, age, reassignment, civil partnership, race, marriage, religion or sexual orientation which must be the reason for disparity in treatment such the unfavourable treatment emanates from the different characteristic. In general the law safeguards everybody, but not just a group viewed to suffer some form of discrimination. Thus it is

Energy Resources Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Energy Resources - Lab Report Example When a wire is moved in a magnetic field, electricity is generated in that wire. A motor is a machine that is just the reverse of generator. When electricity is passed through a motor, it causes the internal shaft to spin. This spinning action can be used to perform various tasks. 6. Fossil fuels are the energy sources that are derived from the organic matter produced millions of years ago and preserved in certain ideal conditions. We care about fossil fuels because they are non-renewable and once depleted can never be replaced. 9. The patterns of energy usage and waste production in industrialized world differ from those in the non-industrialized world because in the industrialized world most of the activities are automated and require electricity and oil as their energy sources. Contrary to this, in the non-industrialized nations, the economies are primarily agrarian and depend on conventional energy sources like wood, coal, etc. Hence the patterns of waste production tend to differ in the two worlds. 1. There exist vast differences in the usage of energy sources among countries owing to many reasons. The industrialized countries have automated economies and means of production. Hence such developed nations utilize sophisticated sources of energy like electricity, nuclear energy, etc. On the contrary, the underdeveloped nations have primarily agrarian economies that utilize conventional sources of energy like fossil fuels, biomass fuels and the like. In the times to come, the industrialized nations will experience a marked shift towards renewable energy sources like the solar energy because of the financial resources that are at their disposal to conduct research and development in these areas. Besides, the tougher environmental laws in the developed nations will motivate them to shift towards renewable energy resources. So far as the non-industrialized nations are concerned, the usage of fossil fuels is

Wedding Proposal Essay Example for Free

Wedding Proposal Essay Now that you’ve made the decision to get married you may feel overwhelmed with all of the planning, arranging and organizing that goes into achieving that perfect wedding you’ve always dreamed of. No need to panic, however. I will be with you every step of the way, acting as your advisor when needed, coordinator, confidant, organizer, travel planner, fashion advisor and anything else you might need to make your special day all that you have dreamed of. I will personally see to all of the details, making sure everything stays within budget and comes together as smoothly as possible, with the least amount of delays so that you are left free of stress and able to enjoy the celebration of the beginning of your new lives together. SCOPE: Planning and executing a wedding with all of its intricate parts is a very involved process. I understand this and, as your Project Manager, I will work diligently with you from the beginning until you are happily on your way to enjoy your honeymoon. Every detail, no matter how miniscule or grand, will be effectively and efficiently seen to and followed closely by my expert Quality Assurance and Quality Control practices. I will listen to your wishes and implement as many as feasible, leaving you less stress and more time to enjoy. Consider me your Subject Matter Expert; helping at every stage, from picking the perfect location, bridal gown and groom’s attire, ceremony, reception, music, food, and all of the little things that mean so much to your special day. COST: The average cost of a wedding is around $20,000. This price usually does not include consultant fees (Penn Foster). My goal is to work with you to stay well within your budget, providing you with the best possible wedding day, and possibly having extra left over from your budget to spend on your honeymoon. Approximate time scale leading up to the day of the wedding: * 12 months before: Locate and book the locations for the wedding and reception and order the wedding gown. * 6-9 months before: Choose and order flower arrangements, audition and book the band, choose the caterer and menu, order bridesmaids’ dresses, pick out the wedding party gifts and book the photographer. *4-6 months before: Finalize guest list and arrange guest hotel and other accommodations, order the wedding cake, choose and order invitations and thank you cards, order any other decorations. * 2-4 months before: Finalize the ceremony and vows. * 4-8 weeks before: Send out invitations, bridal shower, finalizing all plans (Little Wedding Guide). IMPLEMENTATION: You and your partner are essential to accomplishing your ideal wedding. Your input, ideas, feelings and cooperation along with my expertise, knowledge, and enthusiasm will help us achieve the greatest results. There are many horror stories describing wedding disasters that leave bride and groom fearful and full of dread, afraid these disasters will permeate their wedding day as well. Rest assured that I am constantly assessing all risks, monitoring each and every situation, and running interference while we ramp up to your event. Together we will plan and execute every aspect, making sure all deadlines are met so that your wedding will go according to schedule and within your budget, giving you peace of mind and a wonderful beginning to your new lives. References Little Wedding Guide. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. littleweddingguide. com/planning/ Penn Foster Career School. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. pennfoster. edu/bridalconsultant/index. html Project Management Basics Glossary. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. allpm. com/

Russias Role in World War One

Russias Role in World War One Ryan Baccus Russia played a strong role in ww1 Until the treaty of Brest-litovsk removed the from ww1 and allowed them to focus on the russian revolution. WW1 affected russia in more ways than one. The Russian Empires many ethnic minorities grew increasingly restive under Russian domination. But it was the governments inefficient prosecution of World War I that finally provided the challenge the old regime could not meet. . Russias civil wars were affected by foreign troops The civil war was complicated by Allied intervention in Russia. British, French, and American forces occupied (Mar., 1918) Murmansk and later Arkhangelsk with the stated purpose of protecting Allied stores ( Research in Context.com ) Almost 15 million served in the Russian Army during the First World War. Casualties totalled an estimated 1.8 million killed, 2.8 million wounded and 2.4 million taken prisoner. The Russian Revolution eliminated Russia as an effective participant in the war, Although the Austro-Hungarians were unsuccessful in their attacks on Serbia and Montenegro in the first year of the war. Russia ordered a general mobilization of its armies. The next day Germany sent the tsar an ultimatum threatening war if Russia didnt stop the mobilization within twenty-four hours. When Russia refused, on August 1, Germany declared war on Russia. Germany followed this up with an invasion of Belgium. (Research in Context.com) When World War I broke out in 1914, most elements of Russia (except the Bolsheviks) united in supporting the war effort. However, the repeated military reverses, the acute food shortages, the appointment of inept ministers, and the intense suffering of the civilian population created a revolutionary climate by the end of 1916. The first offensive Russia launched was in August 1914, against Germany in East Prussia. The Russian First Army (commanded by Rennenkampf) aimed straight into the heart of East Prussia (held by the German Eighth Army), while the Russian Second Army (commanded by Samsonov) aimed to cut off the Eighth armys line of retreat. Once Eastern Prussia was Scure, the Russian Ministry of War planned to march on Berlin. On the outbreak of the First World War General Alexander Samsonov was given command of the Russian Second Army for the invasion of East Prussia. He advanced slowly into the south western corner of the province with the intention of linking up with General Paul von Rennenkampf advancing from the north east. The first offensive Russia launched was in August 1914, against Germany in East Prussia. The Russian First Army (commanded by Rennenkampf) aimed straight into the heart of East Prussia (held by the German Eighth Army), while the Russian Second Army (commanded by Samsonov) aimed to cut off the Eighth armys line of retreat. Once Eastern Prussia was Scure, the Russian Ministry of War planned to march on Berlin. Russia entered the first world war with the largest army in the world, standing at 1,400,000 soldiers; when fully mobilized the Russian army expanded to over 5,000,000 soldiers (though at the outset of war Russia could not arm all its soldiers, having a supply of 4.6 million rifles). Treaty of (brĆ¢st-lÄ ­tà ´fskÊ ¹), separate peace treaty in World War I, signed by Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, Mar. 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest , Belarus).. After the separate armistice of Dec. 5, 1917, long, bitter negotiations were conducted by Leon Trotsky for Russia, Richard von Kà ¼hlmann for Germany, and Count Ottokar Czernin for Austria-Hungary (the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria were also represented). On March 3, 1918, in the city of Brest-Litovsk, located in modern-day Belarus near the Polish border, Russia signed a treaty with the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria) ending its participation in World War I (1914-18). With the November 11, 1918, armistice ending World War I and marking the Allies victory over Germany, the treaty was annulled. By the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to give up its territorial gains from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. After the separate armistice of Dec. 5, 1917, long, bitter negotiations were conducted by Leon Trotsky for Russia, Richard von Kà ¼hlmann for Germany, and Count   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Ottokar Czernin for Austria-Hungary (the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria were also represented). Trotsky at one point suspended negotiations, but Germany resumed warfare and the Soviets-on the insistence of Lenin-accepted the German Works Cited Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopediaà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. New York: Columbia UP, 2017. N. pag. Research in Context. Web. 17 Feb. 2017. Gottfried, Tod. Chapter Six: Mother Russias Dying Sons.. Road to Communism. US: Lerner Group, 2002. 67. History Reference Center. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. ISBN: 9780761325574; Lexile Rank: 940; Source of Data: R; Full Text Available; 9150105 The chapter describes the involvement of Russia in World War I. The saber rattling of Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, who made no secret of his schemes for military conquest, had put Great Britain, France and Russia on alert for at least seven years preceding the outbreak of war. In September 1914, with the war barely a month old, a Russian army had tried to invade Prussia, Germany and suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg and lost 100,000 soldiers. History Today 58.3 (2008): 12. History Reference Center. Web. History.com Staff. Treaties of Brest-Litovsk. History.com. AE Television Networks, 2009. Web. 01 Mar. 2017. ([emailprotected]), John Simkin. Spartacus Educational. Spartacus Educational. Spartacus Educational, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2017. Russian Revolution. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopediaà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. New York: Columbia UP, 2017. N. pag. Research in Context. Web. 17 Feb. 2017. Russian Revolution. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopediaà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. New York: Columbia UP, 2017. N. pag. Research in Context. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. Russian Revolution of 1917. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 26 Oct. 2011. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Russian-Revolution-of-1917/64488. Accessed 27 Feb. 2017. Russia. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 19 Aug. 2016. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/109504. Accessed 30 Jan. 2017. Smele, Jonathan, DR. BBC History World Wars: War and Revolution in Russia 1914 1921. BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017. Solntseva, Svetlana A. Russian Studies in History 51.4 (2013): 50-73. History Reference Center. Web. Solntseva, Svetlana A. Russian Studies in History 51.4 (2013): 50-73. History Reference Center. Web. Vladimir Lenin. UXL Biographies. Detroit: UXL, 2011. N. pag. Research in Context. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. World War I. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopediaà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. New York: Columbia UP, 2017. N. pag. Research in Context. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. World War I. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 9 Dec. 2016. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/World-War-I/110198#. Accessed 27 Feb. 2017. WWI Russia. Glossary of Events: WWI: Russia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Mar. 2017.

Coke Zero Essay

Describe the specific type of consumer that the Coca- Cola Company is targeting with each of the following products: Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Diet Cola, Plus, Coca- Cola Blak, and Full Throttle Blue Demon. What types of demographic segmentation is each product’s marketing most likely to include? The Coca- Cola Company has many different types of products that are marketed towards certain demographics. One of Coca- Colas most popular carbonated drink is Diet coke. Diet Coke is marketed to consumers concerned with nutrition and looking for a low- calorie drink, specifically men when first introduced. Originally Coca Cola thought to Market the drink towards men, but due to the â€Å"feminine stigma† and aspartame- sweetened after taste that turned some consumers against the product . Diet Coke is currently marketed towards women who want to lose weight. Coke zero is designed to target consumers such as younger people. Coke Zero was designed to offer an alternative low calorie drink to people who didn’t really drink Coca- Cola classic or Diet Coke. Diet coke plus, which is a sweeter version of diet coke is fortified with vitamins and minerals, this drink is marketed towards consumers that want to take in less calories and are health conscious . Coca cola blak, which is a cola with coffee essences is marketed to older, more sophisticated consumers who are willing to pay more. Full throttle blue demon, an energy drink with an azule flavor was designed to market towards Hispanic men. Most of the demographic segmentation that is most likely included in each products marketing for each type of drink is Gender, Age, Income level, and life style. Each demographic segmentation such as Gender and life style was described while reading about each product. One good example is Diet Coke. Since the word â€Å"diet† is used in the product name â€Å"Diet Coke† that attracts females because the word â€Å"diet† is used, but tended to turn away males, due to the drink having a reputation of a female image. When Coke Zero was created Coca Cola decided to not use the word â€Å"Diet† since it would most likely scare away males, who were the target consumer for this new drink. Using Demographic segmentation can really help make or break a product.

Poverty and Human Essay

Poverty is a disgraceful and unjust condition that has always haunted mankind. Most people see the problem as insoluble. They see previous solutions that have failed. Some even think that previous remedies have worsened the condition of the poor. They claim that assisting the poor increases dependency and produces a â€Å"culture of poverty† that persists from generation to generation. Some go further and blame the poor for their problems. They think many of the poor are shiftless, lazy, unintelligent, or even parasitic. All that said, there is widespread pessimism about mankind’s ability to reduce the world’s level of poverty and wasted lives. But why help the poor? This is a subject about which I feel passionately, yet at the same time realistically – with a strong compassion rather than sentimentality. Nevertheless, as I have traveled the world, my indignation has often been aroused by the sights and sounds of human need. I had the privilege once in Calcutta to meet Mother Teresa at one of her feeding centers for the poor and outcast of that teeming city. When I asked her how she coped with all the fame and adulation she receives, she replied: â€Å"It means nothing to me. But one thing I have done which I believe is important. I have helped people to talk to the poor and not just about the poor†. That is a simple but very significant statement which indicates ‘the poor’ are not just some conglomerate group which can be dismissed as an economically, non-productive sector of society that we are unfortunately stuck with. They are fellow human beings – real people, individuals – for whom we have concern and responsibility.

chinas dynastic cycle essays

chinas dynastic cycle essays China went through dynastic, imperial rule, Western and Japanese encroachments on its sovereignty and territories, nascent national unification under Sun Yat Sen and Chiang Kai Shek, and a successful Communist revolution since 1949 that drove the KMT forces under Chiang to Taiwan. Mao unified China as never before as the worlds largest Communist state but plunged her into economic disaster through his economic experiments and a cultural revolution. After Maos death in 1976, Deng Xiaopings ascendancy and economic reforms enabled China to finally achieve her economic great leap forward into self-sustaining economic growth at the highest levels in the world. Dengs successors have continued with the economic reforms and instituted some political reforms under the one country, two systems paradigm, exemplified lately by Hongkongs becoming a Special Autonomous Region. Chinas economic and military might worries a number of her Asian neighbors. Hongkong under British rule was one of the earliest newly industrialized economies, or so-called Tiger economies, in East Asia. Pro-democracy dissidents were crushed at Tienamen Square in Beijing in 1989, but the underground democracy movement is alive. The democratic opening in Hongkong, now a Special Autonomous Region, and the dramatic example of democracy on Taiwan demonstrate the advantages of matching economic freedom with political freedom. With external moral support and pressure, the home-grown democracy movement awaits the crucial support of a faction of the national leadership to gain momentum for political liberalization. Like Mao, Deng looked back into China's past for ideas. He chose to extricate the State from a portion of the agriculture sector that it had never - before Mao - been involved in, by giving peasants control over some of what they planted and marketed. Deng's early reforms restored markets in non-staple food ...

How to Grow Salt Crystals

How to Grow Salt Crystals Table salt, also known as sodium chloride, is a crystal (a symmetrical solid substance made entirely of the same material).  You can see the shape of a salt crystal under a microscope, and you can grow your own salt crystals for fun or for a science fair. Growing salt crystals is fun and easy; the ingredients are right in your kitchen, the crystals are non-toxic, and no special equipment is required.   How to Grow Salt Crystals It takes very little work to start the process of growing salt crystals, though you will need to wait a few hours or days to see the results, depending on the method you use. No matter which method you try, youll need to use a hot stove and boiling water, so adult supervision is advised.   Salt Crystal Materials table salt (sodium chloride)waterclean clear containera piece of cardboard (optional)string and pencil or butter knife (optional) Procedures Stir salt into boiling hot water until no more salt will dissolve (crystals start to appear at the bottom of the container). Be sure the water is as close to boiling as possible. Hot tap water is not sufficient for making the solution. Quick Crystals:  If you want crystals quickly, you can soak a piece of cardboard in this supersaturated salt solution. Once it is soggy, place it on a plate or pan and set it in a warm and sunny location to dry out. Numerous small salt crystals will form. Perfect Crystals:  If you are trying to form a larger, perfect cubic crystal, you will want to make a seed crystal.  To grow a big crystal from a seed crystal, carefully pour the supersaturated salt solution into a clean container (so no undissolved salt gets in), allow the solution to cool, then hang the seed crystal in the solution from a pencil or knife placed across the top of the container. You could cover the container with a coffee filter if you like. Set the container in a location where it can remain undisturbed. You are more likely to get a perfect crystal instead of a mass of crystals if you allow the crystal to grow slowly (cooler temperature, shaded location) in a place free of vibrations. Tips for Success Experiment with different types of table salt. Try iodized salt, un-iodized salt, sea salt, or even salt substitutes. Try using different types of water, such as tap water compared with distilled water. See if there is any difference in the appearance of the crystals.If you are trying for the perfect crystal use un-iodized salt and distilled water. Impurities in either the salt or water can aid dislocation, where new crystals dont stack perfectly on top of previous crystals.The solubility of table salt (or any kind of salt) increases greatly with temperature. Youll get the quickest results if you start with a saturated saline solution, which means you want to dissolve salt in the hottest water available. One trick to increase the amount of salt you can dissolve is to microwave the salt solution. Stir in more salt until it stops dissolving and starts to accumulate at the bottom of the container. Use the clear liquid to grow your crystals. You can filter out the solids using a coffee f ilter or paper towel.

Bioterrorism Emergency Preparedness for Hospitals Research Paper

Bioterrorism Emergency Preparedness for Hospitals - Research Paper Example The choice of this mode of terrorism can be advocated the fact that the agents are not easily detected and in most cases, the symptoms are not seen until after several hours or days. Given the nature of bioterrorism and its effect to the public, there is a need for hospitals to come up with a measure that would make sure that they are ready for them at any time. In the United States of America, the agents that are perceived to pose potential to the health and safety of the general population are referred to as select agents. For the hospitals to promptly respond to bioterrorism whenever there take place there need to be proper planning on the things that should be done to either avoid the occurrence or respond to the occurrences. Most biological defense strategies were meant to protect people in the army and not the general population. However, it has been observed in the recent past that there is a need for there to be measures taken by hospitals to make sure that they are always pr epared for disasters that might arise from bioterrorism that might affect the general population in large masses. They need to be prepared for the occurrence of bioterrorism is enhanced by the ease of obtaining a bioterrorism agent. At the moment there is a need for there to be a detection system that will enable the healthcare sector to be able to detect such occurrences before they are spread to large masses. However, since the development of such a system cannot be said to have been successful, it is important for hospitals and the healthcare sector, in general, to make sure that they have in place some preparation for the occurrence of such calamities. One thing that hospitals should make sure that they do is training their personnel on how to handle the affected masses during the bioterrorism attacks.  

Summary of Apple Inc. Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of Apple Inc. Case Study - Essay Example During the period of John Sculley (1985-1993), the then CEO of Apple Inc, numerous strategies were adopted in order to make Apple pioneers in the desktop publishing segment. Under the leadership of Steve Jobs, the company had been capable of achieving sustained growth. During his reign, Apple underwent restructuring efforts and also outsourced manufacturing of the Mac products to the contract assemblers of Taiwan. The company’s distribution systems were also revamped. Through company’s website, Apple was capable of selling the products directly to the consumers. The company’s image was invigorated as well by promoting itself as a hip substitute to another computer brand. During the year 2008, one of the key drivers of revenue was Macintosh computers. Apple had put the high emphasis on the technology and innovation which had assisted the company in beating the cutthroat competition. The first retail store of the company was in McLean, Virginia which started its op eration in the year 2001. Until the year 2008, the company was found to be operating through 215 stores. The case study also details the growth of the PC industry since its inception from the mid-1970s. The close competitors of Apple Inc had been IBM, Compaq, and Dell among others those had been focusing upon research and development in order to compete successfully with Apple, Inc. The PC industry has sought tremendous change in the recent years. It is now available in numerous forms ranging from laptops, workstations, sub-notebooks, and servers. However, after the components became standardized the manufacturers of PC started cutting their spending on research and development. Instead of spending on R&D, the companies started focusing on innovation in manufacturing, marketing, and distribution in order to achieve competitive advantage.

Secon Hand Smoking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Secon Hand Smoking - Research Paper Example 1). Due to the dangers of being exposed to secondhand smoke, one agrues that secondhand smoke should be banned in all public places through ordinances and stricter governmental policies. Statistics Some of the most alarming information gathered on SHS, as revealed by the World Health Organization (WHO) are as follows: that (1) â€Å"SHS causes 600 000 premature deaths per year. There are more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, of which at least 250 are known to be harmful and more than 50 are known to cause cancer† (WHO: Fact 3, n.d., p. 1); (2) â€Å"more than 94% of people are unprotected by smoke-free laws. However, in 2008 the number of people protected from second-hand smoke by such laws increased by 74% to 362 million from 208 million in 2007. Of the 100 most populous cities, 22 are smoke-free† (WHO: Fact 9, n.d., p. 1). These figures prove that government health agencies have acknowledged the detrimental effects to health of SHS and are designing and implement ing various monitoring measures to validate, confirm, and address the dilemma. The segment of the population who were identified to be most at risk are children who were noted to eventually develop different health dilemmas, ranging from pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, and even ear infections (CDC, 2012). For adults who were persistently exposed to SHS, studies have revealed preponderance to lung cancer and heart ailments (CDC, 2012). The study published by the CDC, entitled â€Å"Vital Signs: Nonsmokers' Exposure to Secondhand Smoke --- United States, 1999—2008† confirmed the followign statistics related to SHS, to wit: â€Å"An estimated 88 million nonsmokers in the United States were exposed to secondhand smoke in 2007–2008. Children are at particular risk for exposure to secondhand smoke: 53.6% of young children (aged 3–11 years) were exposed to secondhand smoke in 2007–2008. While only 5.4% of adult nonsmokers in the United States lived with s omeone who smoked inside their home, 18.2% of children (aged 3–11 years) lived with someone who smoked inside their home in 2007–2008† (CDC, 2010, p. 1). These varied statistical information affirm that SHS is clearly linked to illnesses, both for children and adults, alike. Likewise, since the figures and trends continue to alarm health authorities, there seems to be a crucial need to re-assess current health ordinances to at least minimize the risks of contracting the identified illnesses. Effects of SHS The effects of SHS on health of children and adults, alike, have been confirmed from various studies for being exposed in SHS (CDC, 2012). The most pronounced health dilemma of SHS is the increased risks to contract various forms of cancer, such as lung cancer, and â€Å"childhood leukemia and cancers of the larynx (voice box), pharynx (throat), brain, bladder, rectum, stomach, and breast† (ACS: Why is SHS a problem, 2013, par. 3), making SHS a health co ncern of government health agencies. The exacerbating factor is that since children and adults who were exposed to SHS could not control the source of the problem, preventing and minimizing its debiliating impact proved to be extremely challenging. More pronounced focus and strategical efforts exerted by government health agencies to address SHS means more time, money and resources being expended

Effective Treatment for Drug Addiction Essay Example for Free

Effective Treatment for Drug Addiction Essay â€Å"Every year, hundreds of thousands of Americans undergo treatment for substance use disorder, also called addiction† (Hart Ksir, 2013, p. 409). Drug addiction is a complex brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain. It is a condition characterized by an overwhelming and uncontrollable desire or craving to continue taking a drug to which one has become habituated through repeated consumption. It also produces a particular effect, usually an alteration of mental status. Drug addiction is usually accompanied by a compulsion to obtain the drug, a tendency to increase the dose, a psychological or physical dependence, and detrimental consequences for the individual and society. For many people, drug addiction becomes chronic, with possible relapses even after long periods of abstinence. Hart Ksir (2013), for example, state: â€Å"Substance dependence is often a chronic illness that shares many characteristics with other chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma† (p. 22). The pathway to drug addiction initiates with the act of taking drugs, and over a period of time, an individual’s ability to choose not to do so becomes compromised, and as a result, seeking and consuming the drug becomes compulsive. This behavior results mainly from the effects of persistent drug exposure on brain functioning. â€Å"Addiction affects multiple brain circuits, including those involved in reward and motivation, learning and memory, and inhibitory control over behavior† (Huffman, 2010, p. 201). Some individuals are more vulnerable than others to becoming addicted, depending on genetic makeup, age of exposure to drugs, other environmental influences, and the interplay of all these factors. Huffman (2010) argues that â€Å"Psychoactive drugs influence the nervous system (and our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors) in a variety of ways† (p. 186). Treatment for drug abuse or addiction is not simple or easy because drug abuse or addiction has so many dimensions. Effective treatment programs typically incorporate many components. Green (2010) notes that: Each component must be directed to a particular aspect of the illness and its consequences. For example, addicted treatment must help the individual stop using drugs, maintain a drug-free lifestyle, and achieve productive functioning in the family, at work, and in society (p. 148). Because addiction is a disease, addicted people cannot simply stop using drugs for a few days, months, or even years to be cured. The most part of the patients require long-term or repeated episodes of care to achieve the ultimate goal of sustained abstinence and recovery of their lives. Indeed, scientific research and clinical practice have demonstrated the value of continuing care in treating addiction, with a variety of approaches having been tested and integrated in residential and community settings such as inpatient and outpatient community programs. The use of 13-step principles is crucial for addiction treatment to be effective and/or fruitful. 13 Principles for Effective Treatment 1) Family and the drug addict must recognize and understand that drug addiction is a complex but treatable illness that affects brain functioning and behavior. They need to be aware that the abuse of any drug alters the brain’s structure and function. The alterations will result in changes which will continue for a long time even after the drug use is stopped. It also will make the family and the drug addict to understand why drug abusers could relapse at any time even if s/he still in treatment, has experienced potentially devastating consequences, and/or has had long periods of abstinence. Hart Ksir (2013) note: Drugs work on the body to cause a mood-altering effect by the chemical impact they have on the brain. Through the blood supply, the drug is carried to the brain. Once the drug is released to the brain, the drug’s effect begins because the brain concentrates on the drug (p. 88). 2) Family and the drug addict must understand that no single treatment is sufficient, adequate, or appropriate for everyone. Each treatment differs depending on the characteristics of the patient. For example, the type of drug being used, the period of time that the drug has been used, the age and race of the individual, environmental conditions, genetic influences, behavior, the wiliness and ability to react to the treatment, life style, and the broader health of the individual, etc. The National Institute of Drug Abuse notes that: Drug addiction shares many features with other chronic illnesses, including a tendency to run in families (heritability), an onset and course that is influenced by environmental conditions and behavior, and the ability to respond to appropriate treatment, which may include long-term lifestyle modification. Human studies of addictive behaviors have clearly implicated both environmental and genetic influences, as well as interactions between the two. While genetics play a major role in defining who we are, the environment in which we are raised is just as influential (NIDA, n. d. ). The good match treatment setting, such as interventions, therapies, and others services designed only to the individual’s particular problems and needs, is crucial for that person to success to return to his or her normal and productive life. 3) Treatment must be easily available. Many drug-addicted individuals struggle even when they decide to entering treatment. This step is critical for them, so the program should be readily available for them in order to take full advantage of the available services. When the treatment program is not easily accessible, potential patients will be lost, and the likelihood of positive outcome for those patients will diminish because as with other chronic diseases, when the treatment is offered earlier in the disease process, the probability of positive outcomes will be greater. If the treatment is easily available, â€Å"Overall, it will be considered to be effective because it will help many people to abstain often for many years†¦ The benefits far exceed the cost of providing the programs† (Hart Ksir, 2013, p. 423). 4) An effective treatment shouldn’t include only the issue of drug abuse, but the diverse needs of the individuals as well. Hart Ksir (2013) assert that â€Å"Substance dependence is often a chronic illness that shares many characteristics with other chronic illness such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma† (p. 422). A treatment to be considered effective, it must address the individual’s drug abuse issue and all the related issues surrounding the addiction, for example, medical, psychological, physical, environmental, biological, social, vocational, and legal problems, among others. Also, age, gender, ethnicity, social status, and culture should be taken into account. 5) Staying in treatment for a reasonable period of time is crucial. â€Å"Long-term treatment of more than three months tends to create more concrete habits, as well as allows the client more time to develop etter methods to prevent relapse† (Shewood, 2013). A long-term treatment is especially good for those individuals recovering from using drugs for a very long period of time. The appropriate length for a specific individual will depend on the type of drug used and the degree of his or her problems and necessities. Many studies have demonstrated that most addicted individuals will need at least three months in treat ment to greatly reduce or stop using drugs. In addition, the studies have showed that the best results take place with longer durations of treatments. Recovering from any type of drug addiction is not an easy task to do, but with a long-term process and sometimes the requirement of multiple episodes of treatment, the recovery is possible. Sometimes relapses could occur. To prevent this, individuals should not leave the treatment prematurely. A treatment program should include a set of strategies to engage, motivate, and keep its patients in treatment. 6) Behavior therapies should be included. Behavior therapies such as counseling (individual, peer, and/or group) are very effective forms of treatment for drug abusers. These therapies may include: motivating the patient to change, providing incentives for abstinence, building skills or abilities to resist drug use, substituting drug-using activities for positive, helpful, and rewarding activities, developing or improving problem-solving skills, and facilitating better social relationships. The participation in those therapy programs (individual, peer, or group) during the treatment will greatly help drug addicted individuals to maintain drug free. 7) Medication is a fundamental part for the treatment of numerous patients. To obtain better result, they may be combined with behavioral therapies. Hart Ksir (2013) state the following: An intense amount of research efforts have focused on developing medications to treat substance abuse and dependence†¦ Some medications that have been used to help substance abusers deal with withdrawal symptoms and maintain abstinence from alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cocaine, and cannabis are: Benzodiazepines, Disulfiram, Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Bupropion, Varenicline, Methadone, Buprenorphine, Naltrexone, Modafinil, and Dronabinol† (pp. 414-415). As with all complex diseases, the environment plays a vital role in the life of the individual to determine the course and outcome of the disease. 8) The individual’s plan such as his or her treatment, resources, and services must be evaluated constantly. The constant evaluation of the treatment plan is a very important thing that should be done to ensure the program is meeting his or her present or changing needs, if not, it should be modified right away. The modification could include a combination of services and treatments during the process of treatment and recovery. Those changes can be counseling, medication, psychotherapy, medical services, social skills, parenting education, vocational training, and legal services, etc. The continue evaluation and changes during the treatment will provide very positive outcomes to the patient. 9) Drug-addicted individuals should be treated for other mental disorders too. Because many drug abusers beside their drug addiction suffer from other mental illness, they must be evaluated and treated for the specific mental illness as well. The treatment should focus on both the addiction and the mental disease with the inclusion of medications if they are needed. The National Institute of Drug Abuse note that: When two disorders or illnesses occur simultaneously in the same person, they are called comorbid. Surveys show that drug abuse and other mental illnesses are often comorbid. Six out of ten people with a substance use disorder also suffer from another form of mental illness. But the high prevalence of these comorbidities does not mean that one condition caused the other, even if one appeared first. Patients with mood or anxiety disorders are about twice as likely to also suffer from a drug disorder. In addition, patients with drug disorders are roughly twice as likely to be diagnosed with mood or anxiety disorders. The rates of specific comorbidities also vary by gender. Among men and women in drug treatment, antisocial personality disorder is more common in men, while women have higher rates of major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other anxiety disorders. 10) Detoxification medically assisted should be just the first phase of drug addiction treatment. Detoxification can be viewed as an initial and immediate goal during which medications are administered to alleviate unpleasant withdrawal symptoms that may appear following abrupt cessation of drug use† (Hart Ksir, 2013, p. 415). Medically assisted detoxification can securely manage the acute physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal. 11) Any type of drug use during the whole treatment should be monitored constantly to prevent relapses. For many patients, the alertness that their drug use is monitored all the time is a powerful incentive, and many times it also helps them to stay away from drugs. Moreover, monitoring is helpful to prevent possible returning to drug use. If the continuously monitoring shows that the client is using drugs again, the treatment plan for that specific individual should be adjusted to better meet his or her needs. 12. Treatment programs must assess its patients for sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV, AIDS, chlamydia, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases as well. Counseling to help drug-addicted patients to modify or change their behaviors which place them at risk of contracting or spreading any infectious disease is a very important piece of the treatment. If the counseling is focused specifically on how to reduce sexually transmitted diseases that put the patients at risk, it could help those patients to reduce or avoid substance-related and other high-risk behaviors. If a patient is already infected, s/he will manage with more responsibility his or her disease, and also it will facilitate adherence to other medical treatments. 13) The addiction treatment plan should be hundred percent ethical. Counselors, as mental authorities, have a lot of power, so they never should use this power for personal reasons or beliefs (such as bias) or to reject a patient. Counselors always must follow the NAADAC set of ethical codes when working with patients. According to the NAADAC, â€Å"counselors have the power to do great, good, or great harm. Counselors always must remember: Today, let me remember my power and take care to use it wisely. † In addition, the counselor should accept the fact that the patient has the right to accept or refuse any treatment plan when s/he is aware of the pros and cons of the treatment. The counselor is not supposed to go against the patient’s will. Conclusion Drugs have been a part of our society for many years now. Every year, hundreds of thousands of Americans receive treatment for substance abuse. Drug addiction is a complex illness that is considered a brain disease. Many drug-addicted individuals in order to become drug free, they must undergo an effective treatment program that typically incorporate many components. Each component must be directed to a particular aspect of the illness and its consequences. The use of 13-step principles is crucial for any addiction treatment to be effective and/or fruitful. They are: (1) Family and the drug addict must recognize and understand that drug addiction is a complex but treatable illness that affects brain functioning and behavior; (2) Family and the drug addict must understand that no single treatment is sufficient, adequate, or appropriate for everyone; (3) Treatment must be easily available; (4) An effective treatment should include the issue of drug abuse, and also the diverse needs of the individuals; (5) Staying in treatment for a reasonable period of time is crucial; (6) Behavior therapies should be included; (7) Medication is a fundamental part for the treatment of many patients. 8) The individual’s plan such as his or her treatment, resources, and services must be evaluated constantly; (9) Drug-addicted individuals should be treated for other mental disorders too; (10) Detoxification medically assisted should be just the first phase of drug addiction treatment; (11) Any type of drug use during the whole treatment should be moni tored constantly to prevent relapses; (12) Treatment programs must assess its patients for sexually transmitted diseases; and (13) The addiction treatment plan should be hundred percent ethical.

Edna St. Vincent Millays Sonnet I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed E

Edna St. Vincent Millay's Sonnet "I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed" Edna St. Vincent Millay’s sonnet, â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed,† serves as an excellent example of a multi-faceted piece. From one angle, it is simply a Petrarchan sonnet, written with a slight variation on rhyme scheme – but that variation, taken deeper, reveals new layers of meaning. Added to Millay’s choice of meter and end-stop, along with a background of Millay’s person, this sonnet seems not so â€Å"simple† after all. Millay, though she married in 1923, was known to have extramarital affairs, purportedly with both women and men. (wikipedia.com) In the context of this particular sonnet, such seems revealing indeed – for it seems the speaker of the sonnet is involved in some sort of affair. Or perhaps Millay’s sonnet is addressed to her husband, for it was published in 1923; however, that seems unlikely, since the sonnet frames a rejection of her lover. More likely, I see it as a final ‘goodbye’ to her lover before marriage, for she â€Å"find[s] this frenzy insufficient reason† to continue seeing him (or her). Though Millay had an â€Å"open† marriage – that is, she and her husband consented to each other’s affairs – she likely did not want to begin her marriage with two lovers. The 1920s was a booming period, and Millay fit in perfectly with her independent demeanor. Women had gotten the right to vote in 1920, and this, I think, furthered Millay’s interest in independence, and perhaps caused her to think about the â€Å"traditional† roles of women. The typical image of a ‘damsel in distress’ fit her poorly; hers was a more forthright existence. On the outside, however, she was a woman, and was thus restrained by her own appearance – much ... ...er skills. This reflects in her poetry; particularly â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed.† Millay took an established form, and ‘altered’ it to fit her meaning – even taking its original purpose into consideration – to create an ironic sonnet that broke with the norm. After an analysis of both the technical and social features of this sonnet, its hidden meanings and subtle emotion become readily apparent. Works Cited: The Norton Anthology of Poetry, Fifth Edition. Margaret Ferguson, Mary Jo Salter, & Jon Stallworthy. Copyright 2005, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. â€Å"Edna St. Vincent Millay.† Wikipedia. 21 October 2005. Non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. 31 October 2005. Gale, Robert L. â€Å"Edna St. Vincent Millay’s Life.† Modern American Poetry. Accessed: 31 October 2005. (This source was used solely to confirm the information on Wikipedia.)

Good Practice in Human Resource Management HRM – Transcript

1. Good Practice in Human Resource Management (HRM) Based on an interview with Graham Walton, Library Service Development Manager at Loughborough University ExFiles FOLIO Course – January 2007 2. Graham’s Current Role Graham is the Library Service Development Manager at Loughborough University. He is responsible for overseeing the quality /evaluation of library services, marketing and publicity, developing new services, training staff as well as human resources. 3. Main Functions of HRM HRM is about â€Å"getting the right people with the right skills in right place†. It is crucial that Library HR processes meet the strategic aims of the organisation. The HRM manager has operational responsibility to follow wider organisational policies and practices. 4. Graham’s HRM Responsibilities Graham oversees the appraisal process of all library staff. This involves the development process, monitoring progress, collating final outcomes and identifying any training needs. Graham is responsible for all human resource aspects of non-academic contract library staff. This involves seeing the HR process through from start to finish: e. . writing job descriptions and person specifications, interviewing, selection, induction, de-briefing of leaving staff etc. Graham is also heavily involved in staff development and devising training programs. 5. How has Graham acquired HRM skills? Variety of ways including: One-year HRM course as part of an MBA. Internal courses on recruitment and selection. Learning through experience: â€Å"getting on with it†. Appl ying common sense. 6. Key challenges of HRM Workforce development – staff are now expected to learn new skills on a regular basis. Need to think about how you enable your staff to do this. Organisational Structure – need to think about the best way to configure this. What is the best way for people to work together? Need to allow opportunity for people to easily step out of their teams and work with others. Culture Change – this is a universal challenge and libraries are not necessarily the best-equipped at dealing with this. This is perhaps the most difficult challenge as culture is intrinsic and deep-rooted. Work/Life Balance – how do you match flexible working needs with providing services? 7. Success Factors for Effective HRM If the following 5 factors are in place, you should have effective HRM: Follow organisational policies and procedures. Exercise Fairness – make all your decisions based on evidence. You must be able to justify all your decisions should you need to defend any of them. Attention to detail – lots of things relating to HR that you need to remember and stick to (e. g. start dates, holiday entitlements etc). Awareness of individual differences – you need to know your staff individually and be aware how different people will react differently to situations. Open-door policy – you need to be approachable and always be ready to drop everything should someone come to you with an HR issue. 8. In what way does an effective HR manager influence their staff? An effective HR Manager: Leads by example – if you expect your staff to show certain characteristics then you need to show them yourself. Be open, fair and transparent in your methods at all times. Ensure that your staff feel valued and important within the organisation. Ensure that other managers realise that they all have a responsibility for HRM – for example a team leader must take on shared responsibility for the staff development of colleagues in their team. 9. Is there anything particularly unique to library and information service HRM? Most HRM issues are generic to all organisations, whether commercial or not-for-profit. One issue that is perhaps not common, is that libraries have the â€Å"professional vs. on-professional† debate. This can cause tension and conflict, meaning that some staff do not reach their full potential. 10. Innovative HRM Practices Two things we are trying/considering at Loughborough University which we have not tried before: A pool of temporary part-time staff that we can call on at short notice to reduce the strain on existing staff during periods of annual leave/sickness. Holding recruitment open days – this would involve placing an open advert inviting people to come to the library on a certain day. Library staff would then â€Å"speed-interview† all those attending and from this it would be decided who would be invited back for further interviewing. 11. How do you see your involvement in HRM evolving in the future? The aspects to focus on in the next few years will be: Staff skills mix/workforce development and how HR can move this along. There will be even greater pressure for increased flexible working and working from home. At present, it is unclear how this will manifest itself in the Library.